Balloon Payments
“The Lump at the End”
A balloon payment is a large lump-sum payment due at the end of a loan term.
It occurs when the loan is not fully amortized — meaning the regular payments cover interest and only part of the principal, leaving a significant balance at maturity.
Example: A business takes out a $1,000,000 loan with a 5-year term and a 25-year amortization.
Monthly payments are based on 25 years, but the loan matures in 5 — leaving a balloon payment of ~$850,000 due at the end.
Why Use Balloon Structures?
Advantage | Explanation |
Lower monthly payments | Since amortization is stretched, monthly outflow is reduced |
Improved cash flow | Frees up cash during early years for growth or investment |
Flexible refinancing opportunities | Balloon can be refinanced if conditions are favorable |
Shorter commitment from lender | Lender limits long-term exposure while providing longer payoff terms |
⚠️ Key Risks and Considerations
| Risk / Challenge | Impact / Mitigation |
|---|---|
| Refinancing risk | Borrower may not qualify for new loan when balloon is due |
| Interest rate risk | Future rates could be higher when refinancing |
| Liquidity crunch | Large lump-sum can strain cash if not planned properly |
| Lender exposure | Lender must assess exit strategy and repayment capacity |
Example Case: Owner-Occupied Commercial Real Estate Loan
Structure:
- Loan Amount: $1,200,000
- Term: 5 years
- Amortization: 25 years
- Balloon: Balance due (~$1,000,000) at end of 5th year
- Use Case: Business buys its office space with plans to refinance after establishing more operating history and cash flow.
- Why a Balloon?: Keeps monthly payments lower while the business ramps up, but forces a refinancing decision later.
Best Practices
Build in a refinancing plan early — don’t wait until the end.
Monitor loan-to-value (LTV) and debt service coverage ratio (DSCR) to maintain refinancing eligibility.
Discuss extension or modification options with your lender well before maturity.
In some cases, consider fully amortizing alternatives if balloon risk is too high.